> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://monobridge.gitbook.io/monobridge/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://monobridge.gitbook.io/monobridge/ecosystems-and-dapps/1.1-multi-chain-application-environments/1.1.2-future-trends.md).

# 1.1.2 Future trends

The existing Mono-Bridge application environments have laid the foundation for their further development.

First of all, the multi-chain application environment can not only contain blockchains that are compatible with EVM technology systems, but also need to contain blockchains with more nonEVM technology systems.

So far, the competition among chains in the Defi field has extended beyond that in function and performance to that in ecosystem. One is Defi application ecosystems formed in multi-chain application environments compatible with EVM, and the others are those blockchains with nonEVM technological system. Although the latter are still in a disadvantageous position in terms of application types, user and developer base, they are expanding their Defi ecosystems through:

1. Encouraging the participation of more developers, to promote the expansion of non-EVM technological systems, and build more native Defi applications; and
2. Building L2 networks compatible with EVM to achieve compatibility with the Ethereum technological system, thus incorporating applications, developers and users in the EVM multichain ecosystem into its own.

At present, different technical systems have formed a situation in which multi-chains coexist and multi-ecosystems coexist. As a result, a larger and more extensive multi-chain application environment is likely to take shape. If the existing multi-chain application environment compatible with EVM is likened to a galaxy, then that in the future will be a multi-chain universe consisting of galaxies with different technological systems.

In such a multi-chain universe, cross-chain interactions will be represented by:

*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on different chains within the same technological system;
*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on L1 networks and those on L2 networks within the same technological system; 
*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on different L2 networks within the same technological system;
*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on chains of different technological systems; 
*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on L1 networks and L2 networks of different technological systems; and 
*  The interactions between and within applications deployed on different L2 networks of different technological systems.

Moreover, cross-chain interactions must go beyond the level of digital assets to enable the interaction of more generic information transfer.

Currently, cross-chain interaction of digital assets involves that of transaction information and status. Going forward, Dapps will also enable the interaction of messages other than those of transactions and of business logic. This is what we call "generic cross-chain messaging". Generic cross-chain messaging will not only cater to the needs of Defi applications concerning digital assets, but support applications in other fields, thus encouraging other types of Dapps to emerge. The increase in Dapp types and the innovative application of blockchain in more fields will attract new developers and user groups to the multi-chain ecosystem, thereby driving the further development of multi-chain ecosystems and increase of the market size.

In summary, future multi-chain application environments and multi-chain ecosystems will have the following characteristics:

1. A multi-chain application environment will consist of a variety of chains under different technological systems;
2. A multi-chain ecosystem will support the deployment and running of cross-chain Dapps with different businesses through generic cross-chain messaging.